Feb 5, 2014

Theme 2 - Solar Power in the UK

Solar panels on half a million UK buildings, figures suggest

 

Tuesday 14 January 2014
 
 
 
 
 
The solar power industry appears to have installed its 500,000th set of panels in the UK in recent days, in a move that marks a major milestone for the burgeoning sector.
According to figures by the Department of Energy and Climate Change, 499,687 solar schemes had been installed by 5 January under the feed-in tariff scheme that supports solar arrays with a capacity smaller than 50kW.
With the solar market installing around 1,900 schemes on average per week over the past year and work now picking up after the Christmas holidays it is highly likely more than 313 would have been installed last week, taking the industry past the half a million mark.
However, it remains to be seen how close the industry is towards its goal of installing one million solar arrays specifically on homes by 2015. The figures show that only 478,875 of the installations were definitely fitted on domestic rooftops, with larger installations likely to have featured on offices and commercial properties.
But Leonie Greene of the Solar Trade Association argued that several thousand panels were installed on rooftops before the feed-in tariff began, meaning that the industry is likely to have delivered around half a million domestic installations.
She welcomed the data as further evidence of the growing popularity of solar technology in the UK and predicted that the sector's target for 2015 now looked "very achievable".
"Politicians may be fighting about energy and climate change in Westminster, but the public are just getting on with it," she told BusinessGreen. "A quiet solar revolution has been taking place led by half a million everyday households. Polls show over and over that the public back renewables and they have indeed put their hands in their pockets to prove it."
Some critics have attacked the feed-in tariff scheme for requiring all energy billpayers to effectively provide additional payments to those households that have installed solar power.
But Greene countered that the incentive scheme was delivering net benefits to the UK by mobilising an industry that has delivered steep reductions in costs in recent years. "Everyone who invests in solar is helping to bring down costs for everyone else in future," she said. "Thanks to public investment subsidies have dropped 65% in three years and costs continue to fall. If we carry on investing, solar will soon be able to compete with 'Big Six' energy bills without subsidy. The FIT cost around £7 on household bills last year, so for all the hysteria about renewables costs, this is proving to be a very affordable energy revolution indeed."
The government figures reveal that the installations have provided more than 1.8GW of capacity to the grid.
Speaking at an event in Parliament last week, climate change minister, Greg Barker, predicted the UK will pass the 3GW of capacity milestone in the coming months, when utility scale solar projects are taken into account.
"That is more than any other country in Europe and puts us right up there in the growth sectors of anywhere in the world, it's a staggering achievement," he said.


 

Jan 22, 2014

Theme 2 - Kenya to generate over half of its electricity through solar power by 2016

Government invests $1.2bn jointly with private companies to build solar power plants across the country
Gitonga Njeru
theguardian.com,
 
 
 
Masinga hydroelectric power plant. Kenya gets most of its power from hydroelectricity, but there are hopes solar will contribute more. Photograph: Tony Karumba/AFP/Getty Images

 
 
Kenya has identified nine sites to build solar power plants that could provide more than half the country's electricity by 2016.
Construction of the plants, expected to cost $1.2bn (£73m), is set to begin this year and initial design stages are almost complete. The partnership between government and private companies will see the state contributing about 50% of the cost.

Cliff Owiti, a senior administrator at the Kenya Renewable Energy Association, said the move will protect the environment and bring down electricity costs. "We hope that when the entire project is completed by 2016, more than 50% of Kenya's energy production will consist of solar. Already we are witnessing solar investments in Kenya such as a factory that was opened here in 2011 that manufactures solar energy panels."

He said that over $500m had already been invested in solar projects in Kenya. "The costs related with hydro electricity are very high, considering they are influenced by the low water levels in major supply dams. With high investments in solar, we will witness almost no blackouts and power charges will reduce because electricity will be in high supply."

Germano Mwabu, an economics professor at the University of Nairobi, said the solar plan could have a dramatic impact on energy prices. "When the project is complete and solar is in good use, electricity costs could go down by as much as 80%."

The country is also planning the construction of what will be sub-Saharan Africa's largest windfarm, near Lake Turkana, which is set to be operational by 2015.

Kenya ranks 22nd in Africa for the amount of electricity it generates, and 46th in the world in the generation of solar energy. But it could rank third for solar in the next four years, according to figures from the Energy Regulatory Commission, a government agency.

Dec 18, 2013

Theme 2 - Energy in the UK - Nuclear Power





UK nuclear power plant gets go-ahead

QUESTIONS:

1/ From Ed Davey's point of view, what is the right approach of the energy policiy?

2/ What is likely to happen to the energy bill in the 2020s and 2030s in the UK? 

3/ In the face of the uncertainties, what must the energy policy plan?

4/ Why are the British electricity reforms radical?


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The government has given the go-ahead for the UK's first new nuclear station in a generation.

France's EDF Energy will lead a consortium, which includes Chinese investors, to build the Hinkley Point C plant in Somerset.

Ministers say the deal will help take the UK towards low-carbon power and lower generating costs in future.

Critics warn guaranteeing the group a price for electricity at twice the current level will raise bills.

"For the first time, a nuclear station in this country will not have been built with money from the British taxpayer," said Secretary of State for Energy Edward Davey.
The two reactors planned for Hinkley, which will provide power for about 60 years, are a key part of the coalition's drive to shift the UK away from fossil fuels towards low-carbon power.

Ministers and EDF have been in talks for more than a year about the minimum price the company will be paid for electricity produced at the site, which the government estimates will cost £16bn to build.

The two sides have now agreed the "strike price" of £92.50 for every megawatt hour of energy Hinkley C generates. This is almost twice the current wholesale cost of electricity.

This will fall to £89.50 for every megawatt hour of energy if EDF Group goes ahead with plans to develop a new nuclear power station at Sizewell in Suffolk. Doing both would allow EDF to share costs across both projects.


China invests
Chinese companies China National Nuclear Corporation and China General Nuclear Power Corporation will be minority shareholders in the project.

The move follows Chancellor George Osborne's announcement last week that Chinese firms would be allowed to invest in civil nuclear projects in the UK.

Prime Minister David Cameron said that the new Hinkley Point plant was "an excellent deal for Britain and British consumers".

"This underlines the confidence there is in Britain and makes clear that we are very much open for business," he added.
Labour leader Ed Miliband, who has pledged to freeze energy prices for 20 months if he wins the next election, said the party supported the development of new nuclear power stations, but would scrutinise the terms of the deal to ensure it delivered value for money for consumers.

"We've got the Prime Minister who says he can fix prices 35 years ahead for the energy companies but he can't freeze prices now for the consumer. No wonder we've got a cost of living crisis in this country," he added.

The existing plant at Hinkley currently produces about 1% of the UK's total energy, but this is expected to rise to 7% once the expansion is complete in 2023.



The announcement is not legally binding and it will be 2014 before EDF makes a final investment decision on the project. The plans will also require state aid clearance from the European Commission.

But it comes as concerns about domestic energy bills move up the agenda, with SSE, British Gas and Npower, three of the UK's "big six" gas and electricity suppliers, all having announced price increases.

The government estimates that with new nuclear power - including Hinkley - the average energy bill in 2030 will be £77 lower than it would have been without the new plants.

Energy UK, the trade body for the industry, said the agreement on Hinkley was "good news".

"Building new power stations is never quick or cheap, but in the case of Hinkley development, nothing goes on the bill until 2020," it said.

About 25,000 jobs are expected to be created during construction of the power plant, as well as 900 permanent jobs during its 60-year operation.




Oct 17, 2013

Theme 1 - Population Growth - Analysing graphs

 Median age of the population / 2010 Eurostat online




Share of world population
2010 / Eurostat online



Age pyramids, 2010 (% of total population)
Source: Eurostat online data code
 
 

 
 
 
Main indicators for population, 1960 and 2010,
Eurostat online data code



 
Source: The Guardian - 2010

Theme 1 - Population Growth - The Demographic Transition Model